Human meta pneumovirus (HMPV) is a virus that usually causes symptoms of cold and flu. It was first observed in 2001 by scientists in the Netherlands and has been circulating in many countries since then. Until now (9-Jan-2025), seven cases have been reported in India according to the Indian Council Of Medical Research. Two cases are reported in Nagpur on Tuesday, while two in Bengaluru and one each case in Chennai, Ahmedabad, and Salem on Monday. The virus poses a significant risk, making children, elderly, pregnant women and those with weak immune systems highly vulnerable. HMPV usually spreads by close contact with infected people and causes symptoms like a common cold that roughly lasts for 2 to 5 days. HMPV infection can cause significant difficulties for a vulnerable population; thus, raising awareness and taking preventive steps is necessary.
What Is Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)?
Human meta pneumovirus is one of the many respiratory viruses that cause illnesses like mild colds or even severe lung infections. It can cause lower and upper respiratory disease in people of all ages with weakened immune systems. HMPV virus belongs to a family of pneumovirinae, which is the same group the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) belongs to. Infections like pneumonia, asthma, and bronchitis may develop due to this virus, particularly in winter and early spring.
Furthermore, some people get HMPV before they turn 5 years old. There is still a chance they can get HMPV again, but the symptoms will be mild after the first infection. HMPV in adults over 65 and young children with weak immune systems are more frequent. Like any other virus, HMPV is contagious, which means you can also get the infection if you come in contact with someone who has been infected.
Who Is At Risk Of Human Metapneumovirus?
While anyone can get human meta pneumovirus, children under 5 years are more likely to get affected. Researchers estimate that about 10 to 12% of respiratory illnesses in children are caused by HMPV. And about 5 to 16% of them are likely to develop a lower respiratory tract infection like pneumonia. Moreover, anyone with the following condition is likely to be at a higher risk for severe illness with HMPV infection:
- Newborns
- Children under five
- People with asthma who use steroids.
- Those with COPD
- People over age 65
- Those with weak immune systems.
- Those with conditions like cancer or HIV.
What Are The Symptoms Of HMPV?
All the HMPV symptoms usually go away in 2 to 5 days. But if the condition worsens and causes serious health issues, you must seek a doctor’s consultation.
Here are some common HMPV symptoms:
- Coughing
- Nasal congestion
- Runny nose
- Sore throat
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Fever
- Diarrhea
- Wheezing
- Shortness of breath
What Causes HMPV Virus?
One of the significant HMPV causes is a virus of the Pneumovirinae group. This virus is a tiny germ that uses our cells to make more copies of itself, leading to the cause of HMPV. Furthermore, direct contact with the person who has been infected with this virus is another cause of HMPV. The virus spreads when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks by releasing respiratory droplets into the air. The airborne particles remain suspended in the air, particularly in crowded places, leading to the spread of the virus.
Human Metapneumovirus Vs Covid-19
HMPV virus is emerging as a global concern with the media reports of a surge in HMPV cases in China. However, we must understand that HMPV is not a new virus in India. It has been here since the 2000s due to the weak immune systems of children. In contrast, Covid-19 was not known until it emerged in 2019. Though the symptoms are similar in both viruses, HMPV is a seasonal virus that typically appears in the winter and spring seasons. Therefore, the human metapneumovirus vs covid 19 must not be compared with the COVID-19 virus.
Treatment Options for HMPV Virus
There is not any antiviral medication or therapy available to treat this human meta pneumovirus. Most people manage their symptoms at home by following home remedies until they feel better. If you or your child are exposed to any severe illness due to this virus, you must be admitted to the hospital upon doctor’s consultation. Following are some HMPV treatment that doctors follow:
Oxygen Therapy: If you are having difficulty in breathing, the doctor may give you extra oxygen through a tube in your nose or a mask on your face.
IV Fluids: Fluids are delivered directly to your vein (IV) to keep you hydrated.
Corticosteroids: Steroids may be given to reduce inflammation and ease the HMPV symptoms.
Over-the-counter Medications: Medicines like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can manage fever and body aches during illness.
Conclusion
Human meta pneumovirus is a virus that causes common cold-like respiratory symptoms. It can occur multiple times in a person which may last for two to five days. If the infection persists and causes severe symptoms like the development of bronchitis, seek professional help from doctors. You can get treated with HMPV treatment, which can make you feel better within days. Furthermore, it is good to follow preventive measures like practising good hygiene, avoiding close contact, and wearing masks in crowded spaces. Being aware of HMPV helps in early detection and prevention of severe health conditions.
