‘Nootropics’ is the new buzzword. They are new types of supplements, which are supposed to improve people’s cognitive skills. But what are nootropics? Are they safe? It is time that we dig deeper into the nootropic meaning and the truth behind the claims about them.
What are Nootropics?
Nootropic definition — It is usually described as ‘smart drugs’ or cognitive enhancers. The supplements include stimulants like caffeine that may support cognitive functions related to memory, attention, concentration, creativity and learning. Nootropics are made up of herbal components, artificial chemical compounds, dietary supplements and medications that impact different brain functions (but only for the short term).
Types of Nootropics
‘Nootropics’ is a blanket term given to a wide range of substances that possess cognitive-enhancing properties. These work in different capacities and include the following:
- Racetams – This category includes piracetam, aniracetam and oxirctatem, among others. These are the earliest synthesised nootropics.
- Choline Supplements – Choline serves as a precursor for the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Racetams are usually taken with choline supplements such as CDP choline and Alpha-GPC to support their effectiveness.
- Adaptogens – Adaptogenic herbs like Rhodiola rosea, Ashwagandha and Ginseng, can aid the body in dealing with stress and may also enhance brain functioning, mood and memory.
- Natural Compounds – Some natural components, such as caffeine or L-theanine, produce stimulating effects and release tension from the body.
- Herbal Extracts – Two herbal extracts, Ginkgo biloba and Bacopa monnieri, are traditionally used to support cognitive ability and memory.
- Amino Acids – They include amino acids like L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan that aid in serotonin or dopamine production, which is very important in controlling a person’s mood and ability to concentrate.
- Synthetic Compounds – Some artificial compounds, such as Modafinil and Adrafinil, are sold commercially as alert stimulators that boost wakefulness.
- Prescription Medications – Some prescription drugs include methylphenidate (Ritalin) and modafinil (Provigil), which are prescribed for conditions like ADHD and narcolepsy, and are often used off-label.
- Peptides – Peptides like Noopept are synthetic compounds that are structurally related to racetams and are supposed to affect cognition positively.
How Nootropics Work?
The specific mechanism by which nootropics operate will depend on the type of nootropics used. Most nootropics aim to influence several aspects of cognition and ultimately boost the brain’s performance. These include:
- Neurotransmitter Modulation – Nootropics modulate the release of a neurotransmitter such as choline, dopamine and serotonin. These brain chemicals pass on signals from one cell to another.
- Blood Flow and Oxygenation – Some nootropics enhance the blood flow to the brain, which ensures that enough oxygen and nutrients are circulated and blood flow is improved, resulting in better brain functioning and cognitive performance.
- Neuroprotection – Some nootropics have antioxidant effects and its mechanisms protect brain cells from damage resulting from oxidative stresses, inflammatory reactions and certain toxic compounds.
- Synaptic Plasticity – Some nootropics can influence synaptic plasticity. It has become associated with the ability to enhance synapses between nerves. It greatly contributes towards improved learning and memory.
- Neurogenesis – A few nootropics are believed to stimulate the production of new neurons in specific brain regions. This contributes to cognitive improvements.
- Reduction of Neural Inhibition – Some compounds might reduce neural inhibition, allowing brain regions to communicate more effectively. This promotes a smoother flow of information.
- Modulation of Brain Waves – Nootropics might affect brain wave patterns. This pushes the brain into enhanced focus, relaxation and creativity.
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Sensitivity – Certain nootropics modulate the sensitivity of neurotransmitter receptors, affecting how neurons respond to neurotransmitter signals.
- Energy Metabolism – Certain nootropic compounds support the brain’s energy metabolism by improving the production and utilisation of energy-rich molecules like ATP.
Are Nootropics Safe?
Natural nootropic supplements are generally safe for most people as they are broken down in the intestines before entering the brain. However, some, like caffeine, do cross the blood-brain barrier, potentially causing side effects such as increased heart rate and anxiety.
Consult a doctor before starting any nootropic regimen. This is especially important for those on medications or who have health issues. Pregnant women must, however, avoid the use of nootropics.
Long-term Safety of Nootropics
Long-term safety issues about nootropics are still unclear. Although many natural nootropics are generally safe when taken in appropriate amounts, it is reasonable to wonder whether long-term use of artificial or untested substances could lead to harmful consequences.
There needs to be more investigation into the long-term implications of frequent usage of nootropics. Furthermore, the differentiated individual responses are significantly huge as well.
Conclusion
Nootropics or cognitive boosters have become famous for their prospects of improving mental processes. They include natural compounds and artificial materials with different cognitive effects. Many natural nootropics are relatively harmless but users should take precautions with some synthetic and untested substances. People are advised to consult their healthcare providers before taking nootropic supplements.
