Endometrial cancer is the most common of all uterine cancers, and it occurs in the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the uterus. While this form of cancer is most common in women after the menopausal period, it can affect younger women as well. It is necessary to increase the chances of early diagnosis and management of the condition by identifying the risk factors, its signs, and management. In this blog, we will discuss the causes of this disease, its signs and the conventional and new treatments.
What is Endometrial Cancer?
In this disease, malignant cells are formed in the endometrium, which is the lining of the uterus. The cells can grow uncontrollably and cause the formation of tumours, and if not treated, they can spread to other parts of the body. The exact cause is not clear, but certain risk factors may increase the chances of developing the disease, including hormonal changes, obesity, and a family history of cancer.
Major Symptoms
It is important to identify the signs in order to diagnose it at an early stage. Some common signs to look out for include:
Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
This is the most frequent/common sign, particularly in women of postmenopausal age. Vaginal bleeding that occurs after menopause or between periods should be reported to a doctor.
- Pelvic Pain: Abdominal pain that lasts for a long time may be an indication of this disorder.
- Unusual Vaginal Discharge: Other symptoms may include unusual or even blood-stained discharge from the vagina or clear vaginal discharge in postmenopausal women.
- Pain during Intercourse: It is also worth mentioning that there are cases when some women feel some kind of pain or discomfort during sexual activities.
If you develop any of these symptoms, it is wise to consult a professional doctor.
Risk Factors
Several factors can increase a woman’s risk of developing this health condition:
- Hormonal Imbalance: This is because oestrogen acting alone without progesterone will cause the endometrium to become thick, and this may increase the risk of cancer.
- Obesity: Adipose tissue also produces oestrogen, which is linked to endometrial cancer.
- Age: It is more likely to develop in women who are postmenopausal.
- Family History: If you have a family history of uterine or colon cancer, you are more likely to develop the condition.
Treatment Options
The management of this cancer varies with the stage of the disease, the general health status of the patient, and other considerations. Below are the primary endometrial cancer treatment options:
Endometrial Cancer Surgery:
This is the most frequent treatment option and it often includes the removal of the uterus (hysterectomy). Sometimes, the fallopian tubes and the ovaries are also removed to ensure that the cancer does not recur. The surgery is the primary treatment, and it is most often performed in the early stages of the disease.
Radiation Therapy:
Radiation therapy may be used after surgery to kill any remaining cancer cells or it can be the initial treatment if surgery cannot be performed. External radiation or internal radiation (brachytherapy) may be advised depending on the stage of cancer.
Hormonal Therapy:
Few of these cancers are hormone sensitive, and thus drugs that reduce oestrogen levels may be given, particularly in the advanced cases when surgery or radiation is insufficient.
Chemotherapy:
Chemotherapy is used during the later stages or when the cancer recurs. This comprises drugs that either kill the cancerous cells or inhibit their growth and prevent them from multiplying. Chemotherapy can be combined with other treatments to enhance the results of the endometrial cancer treatment process.
Modern Treatments
With the advancement in research, there are new treatments for endometrial cancer that are being developed. These treatments are intended to improve survival rates and reduce the impact of traditional treatments. Some innovative options include:
- Immunotherapy: This new form of endometrial cancer treatment enhances the body’s ability to fight diseases by increasing the efficiency of the immune system in attacking cancerous cells.
- Targeted Therapy: This approach targets cancer cells and has less effect on the healthy cells as compared to chemotherapy; hence, it has fewer side effects.
These new treatments are promising for patients in the later stages of the disease or those who have not responded to the traditional treatments.
Endometrial Cancer and Endometriosis Treatment Options
Endometrial cancer and endometriosis are two different diseases, but both of them are associated with the uterus. Endometriosis is a benign disease; however, it can be associated with chronic pain and fertility problems. Hormonal therapy, pain control, and surgery to remove the affected tissue are the available endometriosis treatment options. Women with endometriosis should consult with their doctor about their chances of developing the cancer, as the two diseases are related, particularly in women with a family history of cancer.
Conclusion: Early Detection Saves Lives
It is important to note that the development of this cancer depends on the stage of the disease, and therefore early diagnosis and treatment are vital. Thus, knowing the symptoms and the factors that increase the risk, women can consult a doctor for a timely diagnosis. As for the treatment, new therapies have been developed, and therefore, the prognosis of the disease and the quality of life of patients may be improved. If you have concerns about any of these disorders, it is recommended to consult your doctor about the most appropriate treatment for you.
